What It Is#
Diabetes is a long-term condition where blood sugar stays higher than normal because insulin action is reduced, insulin production is low, or both.
Causes And Risk Factors#
Family history, abdominal obesity, low physical activity, poor sleep, stress, and past gestational diabetes increase risk.
Symptoms#
Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, unexplained weight loss, and slow wound healing.
Red Flags#
Get urgent care for vomiting with abdominal pain, deep fast breathing, confusion, severe dehydration, or very high random sugars with drowsiness.
Diagnosis And Tests#
Diagnosis uses fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial glucose, and HbA1c. A clinician may also advise kidney function, lipid profile, and urine tests.
Treatment Overview#
Treatment combines food planning, daily movement, weight goals, sleep hygiene, and medicines when needed. Some people may require insulin.
Lifestyle In India#
Use plate planning with familiar foods: smaller white rice portions, more vegetables, dal, lean proteins, and regular meal timing. Walk after meals when possible.
Prevention And Follow-up#
If you are at risk, check glucose and HbA1c regularly. If diagnosed, continue follow-up every few months and track blood pressure, kidney health, and eye exams.