How to choose
Three things matter: SPF rating (50+ minimum for daily, 50 PA++++ for outdoor activity), broad-spectrum protection (covers UVB and UVA — look for PA+++ or PA++++ in the Asian PA system, or 'broad-spectrum' in Western brands), and texture you'll actually use daily. Two big formula families: chemical sunscreens (avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene) absorb UV; lightweight, no white cast, often more cosmetically elegant. Mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) reflect UV; calmer for sensitive/rosacea skin but can leave a white cast on Indian skin tones. Hybrid formulas combine both. Skin type matters: oily/acne-prone → gel or fluid texture, non-comedogenic, with niacinamide; dry → cream/lotion with hyaluronic acid or ceramides; sensitive/rosacea → mineral or hybrid; combination → fluid or gel. Quantity matters more than brand — most people apply 1/4 of the needed amount. The rule: two finger-lengths for face + neck, every 2-3 hours of sun exposure.
Who really needs this
Everyone over 6 months of age, every day, all year round — yes, even on cloudy days, indoors near windows, and in winter. UV damage is cumulative and starts in childhood. Particularly important for: anyone with melasma, post-acne marks, on retinol/AHA/BHA actives, on photosensitising medicines (some antibiotics, diuretics), or with a family history of skin cancer.
